Profnessional paper (exdended nursing roles) Term

Profnessional (exdended nursing jobs) - Term Paper Example The therapeudic human services costs are as of now expanding consequently the need of preventive medicinal services and social insurance protection for the minority gatherings (Chernecky and Murphy-Ende, 2009). Around, medicinal services costs represent around 14 percent of US Gross residential item through government and state spending on Medicare, TRICARE, Medicaid and other human services programs. The ascent of new average advances like imaging tests and new sicknesses will expect medical caretakers to have propelled degrees later on. The maturing residents comprise of 15 % of all out US populace and the figure is anticipated to arrive at 21 percent in the following two decades. Another changing pattern in social insurance is the expansion in the utilization of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) that will require all attendants to figure out how to utilize the frameworks and furthermore offer telemedicine administrations since numerous patients do self-appraisals every day (Chernec ky and Murphy-Ende, 2009). The current patterns in human services require a visionary job so as to coordinate the future social insurance needs. My visionary job will expect me to enable the associations with patients and adopt a creative strategy in conveying wellbeing administrations to the populace. I have a profound sense that later on patients will require upgraded classification and security insurance of their human services data because of crisis of new sickness patterns (Chernecky and Murphy-Ende, 2009). I seek to work with doctors and emergency clinic heads in conveying the social insurance administrations to Hispanic ladies experiencing bosom malignant growth. I will work with doctors and medical clinic directors, clinical guides, specialists, dieticians, chemotherapists, oncologists, and radiologists in conveying the human services. Different experts will incorporate clinical geneticist who will anticipate the odds of a patient experiencing bosom malignant growth and boso m specialists who will evacuate disease tumors (Chernecky and Murphy-Ende, 2009). My new job will empower me make mindfulness on the need of stepping through early exams and keeping the odds of experiencing bosom disease in Hispanic ladies. Hispanic ladies are helpless against bosom malignant growth because of absence of mindfulness and their ways of life. I will facilitate the bosom disease mindfulness endeavors and offer by supporting for the patients’ interests and guaranteeing that all patients get all encompassing consideration while in the medical clinic. I will give criticism and train associates in conveying the heath care. I will guarantee every single Hispanic lady experiencing malignancy in the emergency clinic get enough liquids, and take the fundamental signs and side effects of the patients. I will show savvy instinct and moral contemplations in guaranteeing all patients follow their clinical timetables (Chernecky and Murphy-Ende, 2009). So as to viably convey s ocial insurance administrations to the powerless populace, I need propelled nursing training and work understanding for the clinical planning. I need an advanced education in nursing so as to give direct mind to patients in an emergency clinic condition. A portion of the issues I should know about incorporate CNS practicum, symptomatic thinking, proof based practice, medicinal services moral approaches, and patient adjustment and bosom disease evaluations. I will finish the Master of Nursing degree program in clinical nursing claim to fame inside four years and get the base working hours prerequisite before accepting the accreditation. I

International Trade and Supply Chain The Foster Group Example

Theoretical One of the impacts of globalization is that customary business forms are presently opening up to achieve a worldwide nature. Flexibly chains, creation lines and markets are presently interlinked through an overall system of interdependency.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on International Trade and Supply Chain: The Foster Group Example explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More truth be told, it is practically unimaginable that an organization trying to grow its total assets can overlook the worldwide business advertise completely without plan of action to any of the components of creation, gracefully and promoting. This examination paper especially takes a gander at the different issues that emerge when an organization has a worldwide flexibly chain. It finds that working together at a worldwide level has different difficulties which undermine the smooth progression of exchange. The paper breaks down the Foster Group for instance of an organ ization that has a worldwide gracefully chain with the point of understanding the elements of universal activities. Presentation Nagurney (2006) portrays a flexibly chain as â€Å"a arrangement of associations, individuals, innovation, exercises, data and assets engaged with moving an item or administration from provider to client (p.2).† Normally, a gracefully chain starts from the purpose of beginning change of the crude common asset into a part that is consumable or to a degree where it very well may be prepared to a completed item. Nonetheless, the flexibly chain can start from the finished result where the item being referred to is recyclable. Gracefully chains are in this manner esteem chains since the item is moved across different stages where worth is included as each stage. To assemble an extensive gracefully chain, there must be powerful administration of the procedure. In reality flexibly tie the board has developed to turn into a fundamental requirement for any a ssembling organization. The whole administration process is a purposeful exertion between providers, outsiders, go-betweens or brokers lastly, the client. It is an intricate procedure that interlinks the business undertakings and techniques of an organization to get included into a brought together business network.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The key job of flexibly chain the executives is consequently the calculated exercises giving smoother stream of assembling activities and the coordination of procedures in different business capacities, for example, item configuration, showcasing and inquire about. In a gracefully chain, the parts of organic or environmental guideline of normal crude materials structure the underlying stage. From the extraction to the creation lastly the transportation of the final result to the client, the flexibly chain will have incl uded a few distinct organizations across different geological zones. Every one of these organizations will have a considerable enthusiasm for the item and will somehow enhance it. While all the players in the whole chain may not really know one another, every assumes a vital job. Organization Profile Foster’s Group is an undertaking situated in Melbourne, Australia that has practical experience in preparing, soda and wine making. The gathering is recorded as an open restricted organization in the Australian Securities Exchange however it has organizations across Asia, the Americas, Middle East, Africa and Europe. At present, the gathering has a nearness in 155 nations around the globe utilizing more than 6,000 laborers (Foster’s Group Website 2011). Foster’s Limited is well known for making the globally acclaimed Foster’s Lager and a decent number of fine wines, for example, Rosemount, Penfolds and Lindemans. The first preparing organization was establish ed in 1886 in Melbourne by Ralph and William Foster. The two were Americans who claimed a refrigeration plant and since the Australian climate is very hot, the plant empowered them to set up a bottling works which they later sold. The bottling works was obtained by Elders IXL, an Australian combination in 1983 while exchanging as Carlton and United Breweries. Because of the Lager’s notoriety, Elders rebranded to Foster’s Group in 1990. Foster’s has as of late gained the effective Australian wine organization Southcorp which has developed its general incomes immensely. The Group has kept on progressing admirably and it currently designs a de-merger of its wine and lager organizations to shape two diverse companies.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on International Trade and Supply Chain: The Foster Group Example explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Speculation has additionally been overflowing that the gathering intends to auction its brew business, to a greater aggregate, for example, Diageo, Heineken, SAB Miller and Molson Coors. This examination paper will concentrate on the exercises of Foster’s Group in Australia. Item profile: Foster’s Lager Foster’s Lager has been a renowned worldwide brew brand for a long while. The golden ale of 5.0% abv is a result of the Foster’s Group situated in Melbourne however it is prepared and sold under permit somewhere else on the planet. In Europe, the item has been very famous because of good advertising and in light of the fact that it is promoted by Heineken International which is a prestigious name in the lager showcase. The primary shoppers of Foster’s Lager in Europe have been the U.K, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Sweden, Ireland, Belgium, Greece and Ukraine. SAB Miller possesses the rights to Foster’s in India and the U.S and Molson claims fermenting rights in Canada. Globally, the ale has been promoted as an A ustralian item with Australian intonations and generalizations being utilized in commercials. This has been generally welcomed with the brand being underdog to Carling in the UK. Be that as it may, the brand is no longer as well known in Australia as it recently was chiefly because of hardened rivalry in the business and changes in customer inclinations. By the by, its universal achievement particularly in Europe has assisted with keeping the brand alive. This paper will investigate the flexibly chain forms associated with preparing this item in Australia. Research approach This exploration used both essential and optional information assortment techniques. The greater part of the information utilized for the exploration was optional information gotten from significant diaries, articles, books, magazines, papers and online assets that had data that could aid the better comprehension of flexibly chains particularly in the universal setting. The information gave a few experts on the p rocedures and elements of gracefully, obtainment and coordinations which acquired validity and information in the composition of this examination report.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Gatherings in the gracefully chain The flexibly chain includes different gatherings because of the requirement for coordinations and distinguishing the correct providers. To comprehend who the gatherings in flexibly chain are, we should be comfortable with the whole procedure. To start with, when the business concludes that it needs a specific crude material or asset, its acquisition office distributes a delicate notification and permits providers to make tenders as per the set up obtainment process. When tenders are set, the organization will dissect them as far as provided cost estimate, amount, experience record and nature of administration. The firm at that point chooses the offer it will acknowledge whereupon an agreement is finished paperwork for the flexibly of the offered ware. In littler organizations, offering isn't the significant acquisition technique because of the complexities in question. Rather, the firm searches for the provider they need by leading their own statist ical surveying. When the provider is recognized, coordinations must be set up to organize the development of merchandise from the provider to the organization. Taking a gander at the above procedure, unmistakably different gatherings and callings are required. First we have the provider who is the key party in the chain and afterward there is the purchaser who for this situation is the organization. Different gatherings are the individuals who offer warning and bolster administrations to guarantee that the agreement among provider and provider is reached. These gatherings incorporate obtainment officials, brokers, specialists, outsider logisticians (3PL) and fourth gathering logisticians (4PL). 3PL are those logisticians who encourage the development of the merchandise from the suppliers’ stockroom to that of the client (Murray 2005). 4PL are proficient logisticians who are employed to administer the whole calculated procedure including clearing and sending, payload taking ca re of, customs clearing etcetera. Be that as it may, it is to be noticed that the term ‘logistics’ and ‘supply chain’ are not equivalent since the last is progressively far reaching as it incorporates assembling and acquisition forms notwithstanding appropriation. Job of the flexibly chain The main job of the gracefully affix is to guarantee that the customer’s needs are completely fulfilled through; the proficient utilization of accessible assets, convenient and cost-effective appropriation and legitimate stock administration. To be explicit, flexibly affixes hope to liaise with providers to; diminish bottlenecks that accompany gracefully, benefit most reduced expense yet quality material, give reasonable and proficient transportation, keep up very much found industrial facilities and distribution centers, streamline coordinations to lessen the length of the flexibly chain lastly to actualize auspicious strategies that improve producing stream. All things considered, a great flexibly chain ought to give the client the correct great and at the opportune time, area and cost. Worldwide flexibly chain Offshore sourcing and globalization have prompted the arrangement of these alleged universal/worldwide gracefully chains. The opening of outskirts for exchange has improved business by permitting customers to get the least expensive and best qual

Our Best TOEFL Essay Templates for 2020

Our Best TOEFL Essay Templates for 2020 TOEFL essay templates can help you to answer both of the TOEFL writing questions. To write a strong TOEFL essay just fill in the blanks with the required information from your notes (in the integrated essay) or from your experiences (the independent essay). Note that we also have a set of TOEFL speaking templates.Integrated Essay Template (Writing Question One)The IntroductionThe reading and the lecture are both about _____.The author of the reading feels that ______.The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author.He is of the opinion that _____.The Body ParagraphsTo begin with, the author argues that _____.The article mentions that ____.This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer.He claims ____.Additionally, he says ______.Secondly, the writer suggests ______.In the article, it is said that _____.The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning ______.He elaborates on this by bringing up the point that ______.Finally, the author posits that _____.Moreover, it is state d in the article that ____.In contrast, the lecturers position is _____.He notes that _____.You dont need a conclusion.Your TOEFL integrated essay should be about 280-300 words in length. Do not include a conclusion. To see this template in use, check out my collection of sample essays.Independent Essay Template (Writing Question Two)Paragraph 1 (Introduction)Sentence One:The “Hook” This is an interesting sentence that introduces the general theme or topic of the essay.Sentence Two:The Main Point This is your main argument and direct answer to the question. Start with Personally, I believe ______.Sentence Three:The Transition Just use: I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay.Paragraph Two (Body 1)Sentence One: A TopicSentence This summarizes your first supporting reason. Begin with First of all ____.Sentences Two toFour: The Explanation Explain what you mean, without talking directly about a personal experience. Shorten if necessary.SentenceF ive:The Transition Just use: My personal experience is a compelling example of this.Sentence Six to End: The PersonalExample An example from your life that illustrates this argument. Make it longer than the explanation part.Paragraph Three (Body 2)Sentence One: A TopicSentence This summarizes your second supporting reason. Begin with Secondly ___.Sentence Two to Four: The Explanation Explain what you mean, without talking directly about personal experience. Shorten if necessary.SentenceFive:The Transition Just use: For instance, ____Sentence Five to End: The Personal Example An example from your life (or someone elses life)that illustrates this argument. Make it longer that the explanation part.Paragraph Four (conclusion)Sentence One: Restate the Thesis Paraphrase your thesis. Begin with In conclusion, I am of the opinion that.Sentence Two: Restate the Two Reasons Just use: This is because ______, and _______.Your whole essay should be between 380 and 400 words. See this template in action by visiting our collection of sample essays.Demonstration VideoFurther Reading How about more details? Or Speaking Templates?We also have in-depth guides to the independent and integrated writing tasks. Check them out! We also have TOEFL speaking templates. Wow!Sign up for express essay evaluation today!Submit your practice TOEFL essays for evaluation by the author of this website. Get feedback on grammar, structure, vocabulary and more. Learn how to score better on the TOEFL. Feedback in 48 hours.Sign Up Today

Minimum Wage Should Be Increased - 1057 Words

Rebecca Nevins Meredith Sides English 101 16 November 2015 Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Congress enacted the federal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higher income level reduces employee turnover and increases efficiency and ultimately, raising the minimum wage does not reduce employment. Even with high unemployment rates, the minimum wage is useful for the economy. Today the federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour since July 24, 2009. It has failed to keep up with inflation. The real value of the minimum wage rose steadily from 1938 until its value reached a peak in 1968. Thereafter, it suffered severe erosion as Congress failed to adjust for the inflation over time. The minimum wage of $1.60 an hour in 1968 would be $10.47 today when adjusted for inflation. This means that the purchasing power of the minimum wage has decreased significantly over time. The current minimum wage is no longer enough to protect workers out of poverty. A person who earns the minimum wage and works full-time (40 hours/week, 52 weeks/year) only earns about $12,000 in a year. This is almost $7,000 below the poverty line for a family of three ($19,090)Show MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Should Be Increased?1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficult if you are living on minimum wage. Of course it’s more difficult for some people than others depending on their situation and thei r living conditions. Americans and working class people who do come to America for a â€Å" better opportunity† and for the famous American dream struggle. Minimum wage should be increased because of the overqualified, educated, and experienced Americans who are relying on minimum wage jobs as a result of the struggling economy. Raising minimum wage will help employees sustainRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Increased?1691 Words   |  7 PagesShould Minimum Wage be Increased? Introduction The term, â€Å"minimum wage† refers to a lowest payment that an employer is bound to pay to its workers. Today minimum wage is made compulsory in more than ninety percent of nations including Canada where workers are demanding to increase minimum wages for a long time. Minimum wages are revised by governments in order to met growing needs of workers. There is a difference of opinion on the issue of increasing minimum wages among people of Canada. EmployersRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Minimum Wage Should be increased to a Living Wage. Back in 1998 Labour s’ Tony Blair introduced the national minimum wage (NMW). It was created in aid of employers not valuing their workforce, often giving them very little wages. When it was first introduced the rate was set at  £3.60 and has slowly risen to  £6.70. However this is not enough to live on. It has been estimated that you need no less than  £7.85 an hour, rising to  £9.15 in London, to survive on. There is a clear differenceRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe federal minimum wage. The post may have a picture of a soldier, a disheveled EMT in the back of an ambulance, or a waving American flag with overlying text stating something to the effect of ‘â€Å"Burger flippers† think they should be paid as much as these minimum wages workers? No way!’ If my experience on social media is any indicator, the most popular posts always contain â€Å"burger flipper† or â€Å"baconator.† Posts like the ones described above make moral judgements about the minimum wage with littleRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Not Be Increased1669 Words   |  7 PagesFederal minimum wage is a huge controversy around the world and especially in the United States today. It is the lowest wage that employers can legally pay their employees. The world’s first minimum wage law was passed in the year eighteen ninety-four in New Zealand. New Zealand’s minimum wage experiment caught the attention of other countries. It made them start considering the law for their own countries. The United States passed their federal minimum wage law in nineteen thirty-eight. The federalRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease the minimum wage in California from ten to fifteen dollars by the year 2022. The minimum wage will be increased by one dollar each year until 2022. This will give businesses enough time to meet state requirements to raise wages for em ployees. The bill was created to help people who are making less than minimum wage but it will disable California’s economy system and cause negative effects for people who are living on the current minimum wage system. The rise of the minimum wage will causeRead MoreShould The Minimum Wage Be Increased?1169 Words   |  5 Pageslarge scale over the State of Michigan’s plans to increase the minimum wage from seven dollars and fifty cents to ten dollars. Although increasing the minimum wage may seem beneficial to some, possibly stimulating the economy or increasing the standard of living for those who live below the poverty line, when looking at the economic issue through a larger lens and placing it into its context, one finds that by increasing the minimum wage, not only is the State of Michigan not addressing the most criticalRead MoreEssay on The Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1048 Words   |  5 Pagesfederal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higher income level reduces employee turnover and increases efficiency and ultimately, raising the minimum wage doesRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased911 Words   |  4 PagesThe question that ponders many people’s minds is whether the federal minimum wage should be increased or not. The current U.S. minimum wage is $7.50 and this wage has not increased since 2009. Families with minimum income wages are suffering due to the fact that they cannot provide everyday needs for their families. This is the reason why many people are rioting. They are frustrated with the government’s nonchalant attitude towards the hard situations i n which they are living in. A final decisionRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1180 Words   |  5 Pagesto come to conclusions that the federal minimum wage is excessively low. The government can stand to help people gain more money, resulting in a less poverty-stricken country. The cost of living or gaining has increased significantly over the past twenty years, and the minimum wage, for most isn t enough for them to support themselves. There have been efforts to increase the federal minimum wage, but none has succeeded in getting approved. Minimum wages are too low for a human, to provide for

Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 847 Words

Nearly every disease known to humans has been researched at some point in time using animals (Lee). As a matter of fact 100 million animals are used in chemical, food, cosmetic, and medical testing every year (Mendoza). Testing on animals can be cruel and inhumane. Many of the test done to animals have already been performed. Despite animal testing alternatives many researchers still use animals in research today. Animals should not be used in research. Specifically 1.8 million animals are used in university licensed research. For example Oxford University has used 190,169 animals and Cambridge University has used 169,353 animals (Connor 16). Several other universities also use animals in research. Furthermore not all animals are used in research, some are used in training courses. For instance the Military uses 8,500 animals every year in training courses. Roughly 10,000 animals were being shot, blown up, and stabbed for surgical training a year. This includes 300 goats that were ki lled last year at Fort Bragg in North Carolina (Bender A.1). Sadly the number of animals used in research has gone from 74,600 in the years 1997 to 2003, and has risen to 128,000 in the years 2008 to 2012. In fact ninety-eight percent of these animals had no federal regulations on how they were treated (Avila). It is legal to blind, poison and kill animals for research. Not only are frightened rabbits, mice, and guinea pigs having ingredients forced down their throats, dripped into their eyes,Show MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

IBP Wicked Problem Free Essays

Discuss how the issues associated with broken food systems might be understood as a wicked problem. The notions of social wicked problems were first introduced in 1973 by Ritter and Webber; two Berkeley professors who published an article in Policy Sciences, that identified the characteristics that differentiated wicked problems from ordinary problems (Camellias 2008). Ritter and Weeper’s article provided 10 properties that can be used as a guide to recognizing whether an issue is considered Wicked’. We will write a custom essay sample on IBP Wicked Problem or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the instant increasing global population, issues surrounding food production and distributed have come to light, raising the questions; is the world’s food system broken? And is it a wicked problem? Studies have shown that currently the global food transport system is growing faster than the food production industry itself (Trochaic, et al 2012). Food demand is becoming a major issue among nations, and is only set to continue in the coming years, with an estimated 50% increase by 2030 (Trochaic, et al 2012). Over consumption in the developed world has become a real issue for poorer nations who re struggling to provide basic food provisions for their people, Richard Black identifies that major governments need to start acting sooner rather than later. â€Å"We have to go beyond GAP; and either we can do it voluntarily or we’ll have to do it because pressure on a finite planet will in the end make us† (Black, 2012). Adding to this, is the fact that up to 50% of food is lost in transportation, highlighting the huge amount of food wastage occurring, which if cut down would help to ease up the demand and supply chain (Law, 2011). Climate change and natural disasters are another factor contributing to the food yester crisis. As the world increases its trading and relies more on this system, elements affecting one major provider are felt globally. A catastrophic drought in Russia caused global wheat prices to rise 70% higher in 2011 compared to the previous year; causing major issues for the world’s poorest people, who spend 80% of their income on food (Ford, 2011). Climate change caused by humans and natural disasters add more elements to the food system predicament, further complicating the search for solutions. The first famine of the 21st century occurred in Somalia, with experts stating that this would have never happened as humans are producing enough food to feed the world twice over (Law, 2011). The report highlights how the disaster could have been prevented through early warning systems, and a quicker response time. Archie Law brings to light two major issues contributing to the famine; one being the removal of major funding in the agricultural field; governments ignoring this need for more agriculture are simply setting up for future disaster. The second major issue is the use of land; Saudi Arabians emptied their aquifers growing wheat and can longer deed themselves. They are now purchasing land in developing countries to grow their own food supply (Law, 2011). This power play of rich nations adds the issue of politics into the food system, with those with the most money always coming out on top (Maxwell, 2012). Aid is not enough to fix this issue; more must be done to help the people to help themselves (Karri, 2005). The world’s food system is clearly broken and needs to be addressed on a global scale. There is no definite formulation of this complex problem and the search for solutions never stops. The many elements making up this complex issue are all unique and no solution can bring a 100% fix, adding to this is the amount of stakeholders who have different opinions and expectations. These are all properties of a wicked problem (Camellias 2008), thus making the broken food system wicked. How to cite IBP Wicked Problem, Papers

Thyroid Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Free Sample for Students

Question: Dicuss about the Thyroid Disorders in Patients and Diabetes Mellitus. Answer: Introduction Two of the most common endocrine disorders within the human body are the thyroid disease and diabetes mellitus II. Research suggest that there these two illnesses have a mutual influence as well as an association (Hage, Zantout and Azar, 2011). Definitively, thyroid disease can adversely influence the glycemic levels in diabetics as well as has an effect on the overall health of an individual(Witting et al., 2014). Hage et al. (2011)suggest that the thyroid disease is shown more prevalence in older aged individuals who exhibit diabetes mellitus type II with an underlying condition in diabetes type I. Arguably, the insulin and thyroid hormones take part in the cellular metabolism and consequently if there is an increase of decrease of either hormone, functionality of the two hormones will interfere. Research indicate that (Samuel, Petersen and Shulman, 2010), a thyroid hormone, and insulin influence carbohydrates metabolism. As such, an increase in iodothyromes is antagonistic with insulin. These iodothyromes are diabetogenic, in that when there are low levels of the hormone, diabetes is triggered. Furthermore, it is a proven fact that excessive secretion of thyroid hormones increases absorption in the gut as well as increases the insulin resistance and its degradation(Witting et al., 2014). In patients with hypothyroidism, patients will experience decreased glycogen secretion in the liver that triggers increased the body to have an increased level of glycogen(Distiller, Polakow and Joffe, 2014). Additionally, glucose absorption rate will be slow leading to slow use of glucose in some organs. On the other hand, hyperthyroidic patients will develop an impairment in controlling glycemic levels given that they are diabetic(Distiller, Polakow and Joffe, 2014). Therefore, it is evident that hypothyroidism suspects development of hypoglycemia that alters diabetes mellitus type II management. References Distiller, L. a, Polakow, E. S. and Joffe, B. I. (2014) Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: the possible influence of metformin therapy., Diabetic medicine?: a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 31(2), pp. 1725. doi: 10.1111/dme.12342. Hage, M., Zantout, M. S. and Azar, S. T. (2011) Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus., Journal of thyroid research, 2011, p. 439463. doi: 10.4061/2011/439463. Samuel, V. T., Petersen, K. F. and Shulman, G. I. (2010) Lipid-induced insulin resistance: unravelling the mechanism, The Lancet, pp. 22672277. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60408-4. Witting, V., Bergis, D., Sadet, D. and Badenhoop, K. (2014) Thyroid disease in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study, Thyroid Res, 7(1), p. 2. doi: 10.1186/1756-6614-7-2.

Beautiful Life Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Beautiful Life ? We go AIDS unit now.? These words were spoken in fragmented English by a tiny Thai woman dressed in a crisp white nurse's uniform, complete with a stiff little hat perched on top of her overly styled black hair, teased and sprayed to perfection. I looked down at the nurse, somewhat startled. I certainly had not expected to be permitted to see into the gruesome reality of taboo Thai culture. I had come to Lampang, Northern Thailand with nine other American students on my first of several community service programs to the country. By the time we reached the Kanyalyani hospital, we had already experienced our fair share of encounters with the peculiarities of the Thai people and their constant struggle ?to keep face? for their country in the eyes of these young farangs (foreigners). Perhaps the reason the Lampang Kanyalyani hospital proved different was because they recognized the hospital lacking in superficial beauty to show off, I reflected, as I glanced at the peeling white walls of the hall, mold formations prospering in the damp corners, and then over to the disarray of rickety wooden chairs cluttered in the center of the cramped room full of sickly people, many of whom would not be treated for hours. ?This OK confirmed the little nurse. I looked over to my friend, Alex, who was furiously nibbling on his fingernails, a sure sign that he too was nervous. We both nodde d with false enthusiasm, plastering huge fabricated grins across our faces, a habit that we had acquired since arriving; a method for concealing emotion. I took Alex's hand and gave it a reassuring squeeze as we turned to follow our guide across a courtyard overrun with weeds and cluttered with piles of rocks, into a separate building. The sagging roof and high windows, splattered with mud, ( a far cry from the Four Seasons) was not a place I would want to wait to die. I took a deep breath, trembling with both fear and anticipation, and walked through the door that Alex held for me. When I first scanned the room, it was as if with selective vision. I saw things, but not the people to which they were attached. The high metal beds, the IV drops, the rasping respirator impacted me. I moved in closer, hoping to overcome my reservations. I walked past a bed with a young man sprawled across it, online leg hanging lip over the side. He was perhaps no older than myself, but his face was startlingly pail, contrasted against the dark skin of his arms. His eyes were closed, ringed with black. In the next bed over, lay a woman who once possessed great beauty, now stolen by the disease. The nurse leaned in, speaking quietly, ?She was a prostitute. She had baby girl, but it die of AIDS last week. Very sad.? I fought back the urge to cry and Alex muttered something about my nails digging into his palm, but I barely heard him, as I let go of his hand and walked further into the room, the click of my heels against the blackened linoleum resonating through the room. As I reached the back of the room, a man's eye caught my own. He had massive, weeping ulcers covering his face, body and hands, with only patches of tan skin peeking out from between the sores. His appearance alarmed me, but something shined in his eyes, and I edged closer. He reached out a thin, emaciated arm to me, and I took his hand in mine, curving it around his. My original fear melted away as a smile encompassed his face, and I too could not help but smile down at him. ?Suwhy,? the man whispered, ?Suwhy, ma crap.? (Beautiful, you are very beautiful) Caught in the moment, I had not even noticed that Alex and the nurse now stood next to me. The nurse spoke to the man for a moment and then turned to me and said, ? You do good service. You make him very happy.? I looked back into his eyes and stood silent. He would never know the service he had done for me. I was

Free Essays on Louis Pasteur

Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur was an example of a truly gifted person who made many wildly diverse discoveries in many different areas of science. He was a world-renowned French chemist and biologist whose work covered the way for branches of science and medicine such as stereochemistry, microbiology, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. He also proved the germ theory of disease, invented the process of pasteurization, fermentation, and developed vaccines for many diseases, including rabies. Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, and grew up in the small town of Arbois. As a young boy, Pasteur showed no particular interest in science. His talents were mainly drawing and painting. During his youth, he developed an ambition to become a teacher. During his studies to become a teacher, a chemistry professor, Monsieur Jean-Baptist Dumas, fascinated him. He decided that he wanted to learn to teach chemistry and physics, just like his favorite professor. (Debre, P. Louis Pasteur.) In 1847 he earned a doctorate at the Ecole Normale in Paris, with a focus on both physics and chemistry. Becoming an assistant to one of his teachers, he began research that led to a significant discovery. He found that a beam of polarized light was rotated to either the right or the left as it passed through a pure solution of naturally produced organic nutrients, whereas when polarized light was passed through a solution of artificially synthesized organic nutrients, no rotation took place. If bacteria or other microorganisms were placed in the latter solution, then after a while it would also rotate light to the right or left. From this, he concluded that organic molecules exist in one of two forms, â€Å"left-handed† or â€Å"right-handed† forms. After spending several years researching and teaching at Dijon and Strasbourg, Pasteur moved in 1854 to the University of Lille, where he became the professor of chemistry and dean ... Free Essays on Louis Pasteur Free Essays on Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur: Greatest Achievements Louis Pasteur was one of the most important scientists of our time. The foundation of our knowledge about health and disease comes from the discoveries of this one man. He made many discoveries and solutions for problems of the every day life that are still in effect today. Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in a little town called Dà ´le in the foothills of the Jura Mountains of eastern France. When he was five years old his family moved to Arbois where he grew up with his father, mother, and three sisters. While attending primary school Pasteur was only an average student. Some considered him to be slow because he worked so hard on an exercise problem to make sure that he had the right answer. While in high school Monsieur Romanet, Pasteur’s principal, became interested in Pasteur and began to help him with his studies. With this encouragement Pasteur became a very good student. The principal suggested that he aim to attend Ecole Normale in Paris where he could become a professor at one of the great universities, however his father felt that this was far-fetched and preferred that Pasteur attend a more local school (Burton, 5-7). Although his father had other plans for him, Pasteur had the opportunity to attend a preparatory school in Paris before going on to Ecole Normale, however when he got to Paris he became very homesick and his father soon arrived to take him home. After returning to Arbois Pasteur attended a local school named Besancon where he worked very hard and became one of the top students in his class. In 1842 Pasteur passed the admission tests to attend Ecole Normale however he was rated fifteenth of twenty-two candidates and this was not good enough to satisfy him. He continued to study and finally in 1843 Pasteur sailed through his admission tests and was awarded fourth place among the other candidates (Burton, 7-11). Although Pasteur is sometimes considered to be th... Free Essays on Louis Pasteur LOUIS PASTEUR There is a time in every man's life when he looks to his God, when he looks at his life, when he wonders how he will be remembered. It can happen with age or with tragedy or closeness of death. I am lying here at age 45, not able to feel my left side. Not knowing if this stroke that has befallen me will end my life before the mysteries that I have unlocked can be resolved. I have asked God throughout my life to be able to "...bring a little stone to the frail and ill assured edifice of our knowledge of those deep mysteries of Life and Death where all our intellects have so lamentably failed." (Vallery-Radot, 88) Death is more familiar to me than I care to think... three of my daughters.. .my father.." I have been thinking all day of the marks of affection I have had from him. For thirty years I had been in his constant care, I owe everything to him. When I was young he kept me from bad company and instilled into me the habit of working and the most loyal and best filled life. He was far above his position (tanner) both in mind and in character. The touching part of his affection for me is that it was never mixed with ambition...and yet, I am sure that some of the success in my scientific career must have filled him with joy and pride..."(Vallery-Radot, 119) Science...it is my life..it has brought me a deepness of pleasure that I have always known yet never realized. I remember when I was working on the tartrates, tartaric acid and racemic acid or paratartrate. Tartaric acid was known to rotate light to the right, whereas paratartrate, odly enough, did not affect light in the least. "The fortunate idea came to me to orient my crystals with reference to a plane perpendicular to the observer, and then I noticed that the confused mass of crystals of paratartrate could be divided into two groups according to the orientation of their facets of symmetry. In one group, the facet of symmetry nearer my body was inclined to my r... Free Essays on Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur was an example of a truly gifted person who made many wildly diverse discoveries in many different areas of science. He was a world-renowned French chemist and biologist whose work covered the way for branches of science and medicine such as stereochemistry, microbiology, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. He also proved the germ theory of disease, invented the process of pasteurization, fermentation, and developed vaccines for many diseases, including rabies. Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, and grew up in the small town of Arbois. As a young boy, Pasteur showed no particular interest in science. His talents were mainly drawing and painting. During his youth, he developed an ambition to become a teacher. During his studies to become a teacher, a chemistry professor, Monsieur Jean-Baptist Dumas, fascinated him. He decided that he wanted to learn to teach chemistry and physics, just like his favorite professor. (Debre, P. Louis Pasteur.) In 1847 he earned a doctorate at the Ecole Normale in Paris, with a focus on both physics and chemistry. Becoming an assistant to one of his teachers, he began research that led to a significant discovery. He found that a beam of polarized light was rotated to either the right or the left as it passed through a pure solution of naturally produced organic nutrients, whereas when polarized light was passed through a solution of artificially synthesized organic nutrients, no rotation took place. If bacteria or other microorganisms were placed in the latter solution, then after a while it would also rotate light to the right or left. From this, he concluded that organic molecules exist in one of two forms, â€Å"left-handed† or â€Å"right-handed† forms. After spending several years researching and teaching at Dijon and Strasbourg, Pasteur moved in 1854 to the University of Lille, where he became the professor of chemistry and dean ...

Anthony Giddens Theory of Structuration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anthony Giddens Theory of Structuration - Essay Example It is through this theory that the field of sociology can connect human behavior and it's influence on the rules of daily living, thinking and our view of the outside world. His introduction of 'third way' between voluntarism and determinism, is important to the notion of what defines strategic choice. Anthony Giddens' contribution to social theory is widely debated. Some argue that his thinking has been too eclectic, eschewing grand theoretical constructs for a collection of ideas with little more than descriptive value. But this thinking is the result of not understanding Giddens' work. Indeed, his career over the years has contributed to sociology as he shifted from interpretations of classical social theory and the debunking of functionalism and positivism to the elaboration of a set of ideas that attempts to bridge the gap between agency and structure. Giddens' explains: "Structure enters into the explanation of action in a dual way: as the medium of its production and at the same time as its outcome in the reproduction of social forms. Thus the study of social reproduction cannot be conceived as the aggregation of numerous 'productive acts', which tends to be the conclusion that voluntaristic forms of social theory lead to; nor, on the other hand, can the production of action, as a rationalized accomplishment, be treated as merely 'structurally determined'" (Giddens 1977) Giddens' theory, instead of looking for reasons to excuse or belie agency mistake, actually promotes respect for competent human agency. His work is indeed prominent for methodology and is multi-level, recognising the embeddedness of human actors in wider society, all of which speaks to the very foundations of sociology. Moreover, he offers extensive and impressive coverage of theory to self-reflexivity, modernity and politics, placing them all within the illuminating framework of a historical context thus adding a new layer to the world of sociology. Giddens' writing has always embodied a political and ethical position, one that has changed considerably over the years and is best understood through the social context in which it was written. Giddens' work in the 1970s attempted to marry liberalism and socialism, but, following the collapse of Communism in the 1990 East-European revolutions, his worldview became liberal rather than socialist, and his later work on reflexivity and t he 'Third Way' embodies this. Much like the human condition embraced and ever changing in a sociological context, Gidden's works contribute by allowing us to note change, appreciate it and most importantly, adjust to it. Others, however, point to his very work of structuration as a major theoretical contribution to sociological thinking. In his book New Rules of Sociological Method (1976), Giddens argued that agency produces structure and that structure is constituted of rules and resources by which that self-same agency is recreated. That is to say, Giddens wrote that the epistemology of sociological research was a "double hermeneutic" in which theory offered an explanation for the phenomena of everyday life and everyday life provided a means by which theory could be understood. In other words, the two acted in a dialectical relationship to each other. Early on in his

Introduction to case study research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Introduction to case study research - Essay Example In this regard, the research may involve exploring the reasons for existence of such issues in certain places. In addition, the research may involve description of certain environmental aspects, business aspects as well as economic aspects of the environments where such a research is conducted (Green, 57). The results to those researches are well documented in the case studies. In this regard, the case studies will therefore act as the best secondary sources to use when one intends to carry out a research concerning specific aspects. This will be made easier if such a research topic had already been covered in one of the case studies that had been conducted with reference to such topic in question, or anything in close relationship to the topic that is to be researched on. In relation to the above case, the case study researches would be critical in the sense that they will act as references (Saunders, 27). In this manner, they will give additional information relevant to the research in question. In this perspective, it is of crucial significance to understand the meaning of a case study as well as a case study research. It is of critical significance to note that the term case study may have very many meanings. However, the difference in those meanings is not quite large. Every meaning tied to the term case study always has several similarities with each other. However, there are slight differences in such meanings with regards to what is being referred to (Thomas, 41). These meanings may vary with regards to the topic being researched on. Again, the difference in meanings of the term â€Å"case study† may be evident in reference to the specific environment where the case study research is conducted. On the same note, it is of critical significance to note that the difference in meanings of the term case studies may depend upon the different views of different individual personalities. This may be in relation to

Exploring Alternative Filming Techniques

Exploring Alternative Filming Techniques Alice Boucher   Ã‚   Exploring alternative filming techniques in video for the production of short promotional clips with relation to food and advertising Mereki, R. (2016) EAT. Available at: https://vimeo.com/27243869 (Accessed: 1 December 2016). (Mereki, 2016) https://vimeo.com/27243869 Abstract Below you will find a formal proposal consisting of my ideas and intentions for the production of the final major project commencing 2017. For this I plan on exploring different videoing styles and techniques, with the potential of being used for promotional adverts within the genre of food and still life. This FMP proposal will be submitted with a research file, this file will collate different aspects of research that I have started to explore, such as where I found my inspiration and influence, how I aim to incorporate it, techniques I could adapt and how I will approach my FMP. Project Description As mentioned above I have decided that I will dedicate my FMP to the exploration of video technique and production of short promotional videos for the use of advertising, the main theme for this will be following on with food in advertising and commercial food advertisements, this is something that I explored in my HND FMP, however I now aim to explore cinematography in depth rather than a combination of both video and stills, as I did previously. With the aim of this proposed FMP being commercial advertisements, I need to be well aware of the target markets and how I would pitch this, therefor this may mean I could be shooting other objects in regards to still life such as, products. Therefor this proposed FMP is to develop and research the use of cinematography in commercial advertising. At this point I have started to explore different reading on the subject of advertising and how it is done successfully with the citation of books such as, Burtenshaw, Ken, The Fundamentals of Creative Advertisingand Barry, Pete. The Advertising Concept Book: Think Now, Design Later: A Complete Guide to Creative Ideas, Strategies and Campaigns. New York: Thames Hudson, 2008.    Why do I want to shoot this? From typically shooting stills and my already existing qualifications and career up to this point being purely photography orientated, I have now chose to explore video and cinematography, the reason for this is because ideally I would like to work professionally and also specialize within an area of commercial advertising, therefore the FMP is a chance to practice and explore film and advertising fundamentals and techniques in preparation into a career, having briefly explored video in my HND FMP it gives me the option to expand from existing knowledge and previous work I have produced, in conclusion to this the FMP will be a personal, educational and professional body of work. How I could I shoot this? When shooting film there are several options that I need to consider and be aware of, such as shooting methods, equipment and also post-production. One of the important factors of this would be how I would like my end product to look initially? And where I would like this to be published? Thus being the consideration of target market, target audience, output and solutions. The equipment that I have considered and aim to use in the FMP will alternate between either the black magic 4K camera which is accessible via college or a DSLR capable of recording in high resolution, having previously shot with the 4K I am already aware of the basics on how to set up, control and shoot with the device however I have also decided to so more research on this documented in the research folder. An example of these considerations would be if I wanted my work to be viewed and a large cinema style screen as a sitting like a film opening, I should use the black magic 4K, this is because the camera shoots at ultra HD therefore will look much better on a larger screen, opposed to this if I want my work to be viewed on social media I should consider using a DSLR capable of shooting video, this would be because the file size and output would be a lot smaller for web use. Other Equipment Alternate equipment that I should also consider and have also researched for producing my FMP is a series of different accessories to accompany the camera to produce different video style and techniques, this is equipment such as dolling tracks, shoulder stabilizer, the possibility of a gimbal and also a selection of tripods, each of these mention will give my footage different aesthetics opposed to not using them. The reason that I plan to incorporate this equipment into my FMP research and shoots is so I have a broad range of equipment and techniques to explore, this will also enable different equipment experience when seeking a career. Shooting Methods When it comes to shooting video footage opposed to still, whilst the camera control and function may be the same but the methods are different, similar to photography the shooting methods are all dependent on the overall aesthetics. Due to being relatively new to shooting video I plan to dedicate a large proportion of my FMP to research and exploration, some techniques that are documented in my research file are methods such as stop motion, hyper stop motion, time lapse, match on action and pull focus. One of the techniques that I have already explored for this FMP proposal is stop motion conducting research into the likes of the production for Wallace and Grommit who use stop motion to and animation to produce films, stop motion is when you shoot several still images and put them in a sequence with little delay or loop to create the aspect of movement, below is my first attempt at producing stop motion with food to produce a recipe video, for this I used several techniques such as, Shooting the stop motion, editing in photoshop, adding animation and text to narrate the video, the contacts sheets from this can be found in my research file. https://vimeo.com/home/myvideos Inspiration and influence for shooting film. Below you will find my main source of inspiration and influence into shooting film, each contains a brief reason as to what it is, why it influence me and a link to where it can be found for viewing, please not none of the work shown below is my own and will be reference in the reading list. The Comfy Duck https://www.instagram.com/p/BCv3EdXN4q5/ This short video clip runs for approximately 9secs, combining bursts of short video and stills, I found this looking at different restaurants and photographers on instagram, this Is a promotional video for Lincolnshire based restaurant, unfortunately I am yet to find out who the videographer for this shoot was, however I am in touch with the stylist therefor I am hoping to get an insight. I love the whole aesthetic of this promo, all of the components e.g. the styling, the music, the clips all work together really well, this restaurant also sports really beautiful food photography too, for me this is the main inspiration and drive behind me wanting to explore film. Marks And Spencer https://www.facebook.com/pg/MarksandSpencer/videos/?ref=page_internal Another series of adverts that are appreciated by the masses and that have become very iconic is those of Marks and Spencer, all of there adverts are beautifully produced, however its the seasonal Christmas adverts that really stand out to me, they have got such a magical feel to them that itd be hard not to like them, something that I would definitely like to aspire too. Pret A Manger https://www.facebook.com/pretamanger/videos/ Another short video that Is very current that I appreciate is this from Pret A Manger, its a short promo of a reveal of a new product, for this rather than actual video footage and recording, they have used stills to create a video e.g. stop motion, sometimes stop motion can look a little amateur but I think for this it works really Head Shot Productions https://vimeo.com/119735260 Head Shot Productions are videographers and producers based in Moscow, the reason that I have decided to include these in my inspiration is because I think there actual shooting and technical ability is really strong, something that really stood out to me in this was the di erent transitions, the use of the pull focus, and the motion either used with a tracker or a gimble, either way they were all done with a subtle approach yet it looks great.   Ã‚   Magnum The reason that I have decided to look at the magnum advert isnt necessarily because I enjoy it or anything that I aim to, it is simply because this is a prime example of different conventions within video, such as the sexual objectification of women and the whole idea of phallic objectification and body forms. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiCvL3arnps Areas of exploration and consideration: Above I have mentioned my project plan, areas I have explored, and other research and reading I can conduct on the subject matter as well as this I have made another list of research I have briefly explored but will do so more in the FMP such as considerations to objectivity, feminism, human needs, men and women, how men look at women, phallic, analytical, conventions, symbolism and audience consideration in film and advertising, a prime example of this is how women are depicted in film, one of the commercial ads that have become very famous for this is Cadbury Flakes, this became noticeably famous because of the use the chocolate being used as a phallic object, situated In a bath tub depicting the woman as having an orgasm, this apparently appeals to men and women alike and gave the Cadbury a selling point sex sells however a survey produced actually concluded that women react more negatively to this than men (Dahl, Sengupta, Vohs 2008). But what is it that makes sex sell? This is has a strong link to Maslows hierarchy of needs a theory of psychological review into the behavior of humans. This is an example of Maslows Hierarchy of needs, explored in depth in the research aspect of this proposal, but this basically is a review into the psychological aspects of humans, wants and needs to survive. Literature review and theory consideration Throughout the production of this research and proposal i have considered and selected specific readings and theory in relation to my FMP and subject area, now moving on from my initial proposal and plans to shoot film and driving this and future projects forward, I should also be aware of other literature and readings that will help develop my FMP, I will now create a literature review of the other research and readings I should consider and produce, these are split into three sections, overall film and technology, Sexual objectification, symbolisms and needs and also different creative marketing and advertising techniques, you will find a full report of reading and theory already researched and also future readings below with reasoning. Sexual objectification, symbolism and human needs in relation to media and advertising: This list of resources has helped me further my knowledge into sexual objectification and symbolism in the media and advertising as well as it linking to Maslow hierarchy of human needs, doing so has helped me conclude whether I will involve these aspects in my film productions and if so how I would involve this Reading List: A Test of Media Literacy Effects and Sexual Objectification in advertising A Test of Media Literacy Effects and Sexual Objectification in Advertising. Journal Of Current Issues Research In Advertising (CTC Press), 29(1), 81-92. The Medias Sexual Objectification of Women, Rape Myth Acceptance and Interpersonal Violence- The Medias Sexual Objectification of Women, Rape Myth Acceptance, and Interpersonal Violence. Journal Of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma, 24(5), 569-587. Examining the influence of different levels of sexual-stimuli intensity by gender on advertising effectiveness- Examining the influence of different levels of sexual-stimuli intensity by gender on advertising effectiveness. Journal Of Marketing Management, 30(7-8), 697-718. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema- White, M. C. (2007). From text to practice : rereading Laura Mulveys Visual pleasure and narrative cinema towards a different history of the feminist avant-garde. Female Desires Coward, R. (1996). Female desire: Womens sexuality today. London, United Kingdom: HarperCollins Publishers. Creative Advertising and Marketing Techniques As part of my FMP I have also decide that a substantial amount of research and reading should include that of different advertising and marketing techniques, the reason for this is because my final outcomes and also career prospects would be for advertising purposes therefor this would be an appropriate area to explore, this research could consist of anything from how to produce advertising context? How to make advertising contexts successful? Or something along the lines researching marketing techniques, included below is a reading list of the literature I plan to study commencing the FMP each of the should help me build up knowledge around advertising and marketing. Reading List Ogilvy on Advertising- Ogilvy, D. (1995). Ogilvy on advertising. London: Prion Books. How to Make It As An Advertising Creative- Veksner, S. (2010). How to make it as an advertising creative. London: Laurence King Publishing. The Fundamentals of Creative Advertising- Burtenshaw, K., Mahon, N., Barfoot, C. (2006). The fundamentals of creative advertising (fundamentals) (2nd ed.). Lausanne: AVA Publishing SA. The Advertising Concept Book- Barry, P. (2008). The advertising concept book: Think now, design later: A complete guide to creative ideas, strategies and campaigns. London: Thames Hudson. Filming and Editing Equipment and Technique- Upon the successful completion of my FMP something else that I should considered reading into other than Sexual Objectification in the Media, Advertising and Marketing is Filming and Editing Technique, whilst at this point I should have already produced research into filming techniques and also editing further literate readings and knowledge must be accustomed, below are the references to different readings which will take place, ranging from Journals, Books and Websites. Reading List Film Art: An Introduction- Bordwell, D., Thompson, K., Bordwell, P. D. (2007). Film art: An introduction (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. How To Read a Film: The Art, Technology, Language, History and Theory of Film and Media- Monaco, J. (1977). How to read a film: The art, technology, language, history, and theory of film and media (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Edit DSLR Video- Incorporated, A. S. (2016, June 20). Edit DSLR video. Retrieved December 31, 2016, from https://helpx.adobe.com/premiere-pro/how-to/dslr-video.html?playlist=%2Fccx%2Fv1%2Fcollection%2Fproduct%2Fpremiere-pro%2Fsegment%2Fdesigner%2Fexplevel%2Fbeginner%2Fapplaunch%2Forientation%2Fcollection.ccx.js Learn five editing basics in Premiere Pro- Incorporated, A. S. (2016, November 2). Learn five editing basics in premiere pro. Retrieved December 31, 2016, from https://helpx.adobe.com/premiere-pro/how-to/easy-video.html?playlist=%2Fccx%2Fv1%2Fcollection%2Fproduct%2Fpremiere-pro%2Fsegment%2Fdesigner%2Fexplevel%2Fbeginner%2Fapplaunch%2Forientation%2Fcollection.ccx.js Try basic video editing techniques Incorporated, A. S. (2016, November 2). Try basic video editing techniques. Retrieved December 31, 2016, from https://helpx.adobe.com/premiere-pro/how-to/edit-videos.html?playlist=%2Fccx%2Fv1%2Fcollection%2Fproduct%2Fpremiere-pro%2Fsegment%2Fdesigner%2Fexplevel%2Fbeginner%2Fapplaunch%2Forientation%2Fcollection.ccx

RENE DESCARTES PROOF OF GOD’S EXISTENCE: ACRITICAL EXPOSITION Essay

The question of God is a perennial subject of debate in the history of philosophical scholarship and can be located in nearly all the epochs of philosophy. The subject however occupies a central space in the medieval epoch that was characterized by religious thinkers. The debate is largely between two schools of thought. There are those who opine that there is no such entity as God. To such thinkers, the question of God does not amount to anything but is largely a product of human imagination. On the other hand, there are certain group of thinkers who insist that God is a reality that exist and must be given due consideration. Thus, the onus lies on the one who affirms the existence of God to explain who or what this God is and to prove his existence. The subject of God may have being difficult to explain because the term God does not refer to any physical entity in the universe. Rene Descartes who is widely revered as the father of modern philosophy affirmed the existence of God and proffered two arguments for the existence of God. Many scholars have bore their minds on the question of God, but our aim in this paper is to examine the various ramifications of Descartes’ proof of God’s existence. To achieve this aim, our exposition shall follow this outline: Life and works of Descartes Who is God? The historical trajectory of the problem of God The cogito: a background to the Cartesian prof of God’s existence ï  ¶Descartes’ proof of God’s existence Criticisms of the Cartesian proof of God’s existence Evaluation Conclusion Life and works of Rene Descartes Descartes is the first major philosophical thinker of the modern period and the father of modern philosophy. He was born in La Haye, a small town near Tours in France on the 3rd of March he received a Jesuit education at the Jesuit college of La fleche in Anjou, one of the best schools of his time. Upon completion of his studies, he went to Holland where he joined the army in 1618. The following year, he travelled to Germany where he began to develop his ideas concerning how knowledge should be acquired. Descartes  returned to France in 1628 but soon returned to Holland where he remained until 1649, when he went to Sweden at the request of Queen Christina to come and tutor her in philosophy and knowledge in general. He is said to have died of pneumonia on the 11th of February 1650. Descartes has many achievements to his name, he invented the analytic geometry and the Cartesian coordinate system named after him. His major works include: The Rules for the Direction of the Mind (1628), the world (1629), Discourse on Method (1637), Optics (1637), Meteorology (1637), Meditations on first Philosophy (1641), Principles of Philosophy (1644) and Passions of the soul (1649). Who is God? Much of the disagreement about â€Å"proofs† of God’s existence is due to different conceptions of God. Classical theism, for instance, characterizes God as a supreme metaphysical being. Despite extensive writing on the nature of God, these classical theists did not believe that God could be defined. They believed that it would be contradictory to the transcendent nature of God if mere humans are able to define him. By contrast, much of Eastern religious thought (chiefly pantheism) presents God as a force inherent in every accessible and conceivable experience. In modern times, the concept of God typically entails a monotheistic, supreme, ultimate, and personal being, as found in the Islamic, Christian and Hebrew traditions. A historical trajectory of the problem of God. Since the ancient epoch of philosophy, philosophers have always grappled with the problem of the existence of God. Thus we shall examine the general posture that the discourse of God assumed before and after the advent of Descartes. This would properly position us to understand the background from were Descartes emerges. The ancient Western tradition of philosophical discuss of the existence of God began with Plato and Aristotle, who made arguments that would today be categorized as cosmological. In the medieval epoch of philosophy, other arguments for the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm, who formulated the first ontological argument; Avicena Averroes and Thomas Aquinas, who refined the cosmological argument (the kalam argument and the first way, respectively). In the modern period, Descartes, asserts that the existence of a benevolent God is logically necessary for the evidence of the senses to be meaningful; and Immanuel Kant, also contended that the existence of God can be deduced from the existence of good. The cogito: a background to Descartes prof of God’s existence Descartes was skeptical of the knowledge he acquired over the years, because he thinks that real knowledge requires certainty. To attain certainty, we need a foundation and then, we need a way of building from that foundation to other truths. Descartes describes his foundation in the first meditation. His starting point is the collection of beliefs. Thus he looks for grounds of doubt for certain basic beliefs and having found certain grounds for doubt, all other beliefs based on the basic beliefs will tumble. He rejects beliefs acquired through sense perception on the ground that we could be dreaming. He further rejects a priori beliefs for example mathematical truths on grounds that there could be an evil deceiver who is so powerful and possibly responsible for making him conceive of these beliefs. Having doubted his beliefs, Descartes discovers that he exists, for even if there is a powerful deceiver, he must exis t. The reason for his certainty about this belief is that he is thinking, whether this thinking consists of being deceived by the evil deceiver or not. In other to be thinking, he must exist. He avers cogito ego sum-I think, therefore I exist. Thus, his existence serves as a model for acquiring other kinds of knowledge. However, Descartes has not totally extricated himself from his self-imposed doubt and to do so, he proves the existence of a God who is not a deceiver. The Cartesian proof of God’s existence. Descartes proffered two arguments for the existence of God in the meditations, neither is original. The first is a version of the cosmological argument espoused by ancient thinkers and the second is a reformulation of Anselm’s ontological argument the starting point for the two fold argument is his clear and distinct idea of God. That is, he infers the existence of God from his idea of God. The causal argument for the existence of God Descartes’ first argument can be summarized as an attempt to prove God’s existence by causal reasoning. He asserts that his idea of God could only have been caused by God. Below is a concise presentation of his causal argument: †¢All effects including ideas are caused by something. †¢There must be at least as much reality in the cause as there is in the effect. †¢I have an idea of God as an infinite and perfect being. †¢The idea of God in my mind is an effect that was caused by something †¢I am finite and imperfect and thus could not be the cause of the idea of an infinite and perfect God. †¢Only an infinite being could be the cause of such an idea. †¢Therefore, God (an infinite and perfect being) exist. The first premise of the causal argument derives from a commonly held belief that has long being a premise in other arguments for the existence of God. The logic behind Descartes’ second premise can be explained thus, he says a cold object such as a pot of water cannot become hot unless something else causes that heat. But, the cause must have a high degree as the effect. For it is impossible for one level of reality (the boiling water) to be produced by a cause that is less than the effect (a cold stove). Just as heated water is an effect that requires a cause, so Descartes’ idea of an infinite and perfect being is an effect or a phenomenon that needs to be accounted for. It is possible that Descartes could have produced the idea of God himself. But for him, a finite object can only produce another finite object. Hence, Descartes says ordinarily, the idea in his mind does not tell him if there is the existence of any external reality. However, the idea of perfection is unique. If he could not have manufactured it himself, then it will necessarily follow that he is not alone in the world, but that some other thing which is the cause of this idea exist. That thing can only be God therefore, God exists. Descartes further corroborated his argument by demonstrating that his sustained existence requires an adequate cause. Using a variation of his causal argument, he argues that a being such as himself who contains the idea of perfection cannot come from an imperfect cause. In the cause of searching for an explanation for his own sustained existence, he introduces the principle that there cannot be an infinite regress of causes therefore; these causes must culminate in an ultimate cause and that cause is God. He conceives God as an infinite substance who is Omniscient, omnipotent, everlasting, unchanging, perfect, and the creator of all things. The ontological argument. In the meditation, Descartes employed a version of Anselm’s ontological argument to buttress the existence of God. Descartes begins by stating that the essence of a thing is different from its existence. The essence of a thing is that property without which it cannot be what it is. He argues that, to be a perfect being, a being must include in itself all perfection. Existence is perfection, therefore a perfect being (God) necessarily exist. The main outline of Descartes’ version of the ontological argument is as follows: †¢I have the idea of a God that possess all perfection, †¢Existence is a kind of perfection †¢If the God I am thinking of lacked existence, then he will not be perfect †¢Hence, if I can have the idea of a perfect God, I must conclude that existence is one of God’s essential attributes. †¢If existence is one of God’s essential attributes, he must exist †¢Therefore God exist. Descartes’ bases his argument on the notion that when one clearly understands the nature of something, one would be lead to conceive of all its essential properties. The idea of God according to Descartes is always thought to be the idea of a perfect being. As such, such a being cannot lack perfection of any kind, including existence. And no other being has existence as a part of its essence. Thus Descartes says, it would be contradictory to say, I think of a perfect being who necessarily has existence as its property but who does not exist. Having proved the existence of God, Descartes uses the existence of God to explain his existence. He now sees God as the source of his existence and sustenance. Prior to his discovery of God, he had no idea of why he existed, for he could find no power within him that could bring about his existence. He now realizes that he is imperfect finite and dependent on God. Criticisms of the Cartesian proof of God’s existence. There are many problems with Descartes’ argument. Perhaps, the most obvious are his reliance on the causal principles, his acceptance of his previous scholastic beliefs about the degrees of reality of ideas and of things and his claim that his idea of God is clear and distinct. Descartes posits that the light of nature teaches us how to distinguish what is clear and distinct from what is not. One problem that still remains a puzzle concerns how we  can know when the infallible light of nature is guiding us and when our natural impulses are leading us since we do not have any means of detecting when our natural impulses are leading us from those instances where we are led by the light of nature. Several theologians of Descartes’s time challenged the claim that infinity and perfection must precede all thoughts of finitude and imperfection. One of such critics puts it thus, â€Å"I can surely take a given degree of being, which I perceive within myself, and add on a further degree of being, and thus construct the idea of a perfect being from all the degrees which are capable of being added on.† If finite minds can construct the idea of infinity or perfection in this manner, we do not need to look outside of ourselves in an attempt to account for the origin of our idea of infinity.’ Though many theologians who used this argument agree that there is the existence of God, they simply think that Descartes provided an inadequate argument for the existence of God. Many philosophers have also objected that existence is not a property at all, hence cannot be derived from the concept of God in the same way as God’s benevolence or omnipotence. We can also question Descartes’ claim that his idea of God is clear and distinct. Perhaps, the idea of a supremely perfect being contains a contradiction. Even i f we were to grant Descartes that reality or existence is a property, why must we think that there is a most perfect being-that is, that there is a top to the scale, at which actuality is reached? From our exposition, it is apparent that Descartes’ rationalistic method has led him out of the slit of doubt. He is now certain of the existence of himself and God. The existence of God for him is particularly important because it released him from the prison of his mind. He now knows that something exists outside his own mind and its ideas. Thus, he uses his certainty of the existence of God as a bridge to the external world. It is important to note however that Descartes aim is to show that all knowledge can be derived from reason. He begins with the ‘cogito’ which shows him that he exists as a thinking thing. From the cogito, he knows that what he clearly and distinctly perceives by the ‘light of nature’ must be true. Then he discovers certain clear and distinct principles which together with a clear and distinct idea of God enable him to derive God’s existence. And  ones he has done this, he is able to remove the evil demon as a ground o f doubt since an even more powerful benevolent perfect deity exist. We have successfully examined the issue of the existence of God. We began by examining the ambiguous nature of the concept of God after which we attempted to understand how the truth of the cogito led Descartes to the discovery of the existence of God and the terrestrial world. from our exposition, we can say that conclusions on the existence of God can be divided along numerous axes, producing a variety of independent classifications such as; Theism and atheism, Gnosticism and agnosticism, Ignosticism, and Apatheism. Though Descartes can be criticized and has been criticized on many fronts, his contribution to the God question cannot be over emphasized. He has inspired many after him who have also contributed their quota to the problem all in a view to proffer solution to the perennial problem of God. Bibliography Lawhead F., William, the Voyage of Discovery: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy, second edition, U.S.A: Wadsworth, 2002. Sutchile F. E., Descartes: Discourse on the Method, (trans.) London: Penguin Books, 1968. Ariscombe E. and Geach, P. T., Descartes philosophical writings (Ed.) New York: Open University Press 1971. Beardsley C. Monroe, The European Philosophers from Descartes to Nietzsche, New York: Random House Inc. 1992. Norris C., on Truth and meaning: Language, Logic and the Grounds for Belief, London and New York: Continuum, 2006. Jimoh K. A., Certitude and Doubt: A Guide in Epistemology, Ibadan: Ebony Books and Kreations, 2013.

Pulse Rate Essay

1. What is blood pressure? Blood pressure is the strength/pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of our blood vessels. It is recorded as two numbers – the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. 2. Why is high blood pressure a problem? When blood pressure is high the heart is working to hard to get blood through your body and can cause heart attacks, strokes and even death, heart and kidney failure. (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/bp/bp.htm) 3. Why does increased physical activity raise heart rate? Increased physical activity increases oxygen demand as well as the need to remove excess carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration. In order to meet oxygen needs our heart rate increases along with other respirations to supply our body with the necessary oxygen. (Muscles require more oxygen for cellular respiration and increased cellular respiration increases carbon dioxide in our body that triggers the increase of breathing and circulation rates.) 4. Why is heart rate lower in an individual who does aerobic exercise regularly? A lot of exercise will cause our heart muscle to pump more blood with each beat/contraction. If the volume of the blood being pumped with each contraction is greater than the rate of our heartbeat will be lower. 5. Why do some people feel faint when they go quickly from lying down to standing? Gravity causes blood pressure in the arteries/vessels going to our brain to drop when standing up quickly after laying down. This motion causes a sudden feeling of faintness until mechanisms in our body elevate our blood pressure in the vessels to normal again. 6. How and why does heart rate change with body position? Heart rate increases from lying down to standing up because more energy is required for our body to maintain in a standing/sitting position in comparison to lying down. Therefore the increased need for ATP increases cellular respiration that causes an increase need for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in our body that triggers increased breathing so our heart rate increases as well. 7. From your study of the circulator system how would you describe a â€Å"fit† individual? A fit individual has an ability to contain a lot of oxygen by having an efficient respiration and circulatory system. When having these efficient systems their heart is allowed to pump more blood with each beat and the person can quickly recover from the stress of exercise(By returning their exercise pulse rate to their standing pulse rate) more quickly compared to a person who is not fit.

Slavery and Mass Incarceration - 2562 Words

Slavery and Mass Incarceration 12/6/2010 The institution of slavery dates back before written records. The term slave was originally a derivative from the historical French and Latin medieval word for Slavic people of central and Eastern Europe. [ (wikipedia, 2010) ] In North America, the class system is systematically at the root of every socioeconomic and political issue resulting in Super companies, multibillionaires and the formation of lobbyists and special interest groups; there always has and always will be the have and have-nots. Unfortunately, for African Americans who have historically been the have-nots, that does not seem to have changed as evidenced by recent events like the Jenna 6. African Americans have a history uniquely†¦show more content†¦(National Geographic , 2008) Religion plays a part in the prison system just as it did in slavery, it was morally wrong for slaves not to turn the other cheek, it was morally wrong for slaves not obey their master. In the bible, you have to repent of your sins in order to be forgiven, in order for the inmates to be granted parole they must repent of their sins. Even their field duty is similar to the field slave versus the house slave, which the warden says is good for morale. The lowest job is the field job and the good job is in the house or in prison language â€Å"trustee status†. The warden describes it as a big plantation earlier in the movie because he says it is what it is, prison and inmates. (National Geographic , 2008) The warden also manages the farms multimillion-dollar enterprises. He claims to make the prison more like a normal city but bars and gates, men on horses with guns is nothing close to a normal city. This naivetà ©, if you want to call it that, completely ignores the many men wrongly imprisoned or inhumanely sentenced to death or life in prison. 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